3rd Party Reprocessing of Single Use Devices in the OR Practice Test

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• Why are strict vegetarians at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency?
• Which vitamin is the precursor to the coenzyme FAD?
• Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population takes a dietary supplement regularly?
• A true statement about stability and properties of vitamin C is that
• For someone who shuns dairy and has limited sun exposure, which vitamin is commonly recommended as a supplement?
• Folate deficiency has been associated with which type of anemia?
• Which nutrient functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
• What is the adult RDA for vitamin B6?
• Riboflavin in its coenzyme form participates in the transfer of which of the following?
• People with the condition known as iron overload may be adversely affected from taking supplements of
• Which statement about niacin's role in metabolism is correct?
• Which of the following is a property of riboflavin in nutrition?
• Which agency is described as responsible for evaluating safety and removing unsafe dietary supplements?
• Which statement about vitamin C requirements for smokers is true?
• Which property is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes?
• Which nutrient is synthesized in significant amounts by intestinal bacteria?
• Which statement about pantothenic acid is true?
• If intrinsic factor production is impaired, the body would primarily have difficulty absorbing which vitamin?
• What is the RDA for folate for a woman weighing 132 pounds?
• Which statement about vitamin B6 metabolism is true?
• Compared with naturally occurring folate, a folate supplement taken on an empty stomach has higher bioavailability.
• Pellagra is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which meal is lowest in vitamin C?
• The nasal spray route represents a safe and efficacious means for the supply of which vitamin?
• Which characteristic is shared by vitamins B6, B12, C and folate?
• Which of the following is NOT known to be required in the diet of human beings?
• Which statement best describes folate availability in foods?
• Which of the following is a feature of choline in nutrition?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
• Which of the following vitamins has an RDA?
• What is the AI for pantothenic acid for adults?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin B12 nutrition?
• The percent bioavailability of a folate supplement taken on an empty stomach is
• Which of the following is a component mentioned for green pills?
• Which vitamin would deficiency symptoms appear last if a person refrained from ingesting water-soluble vitamins?
• Which vitamin deficiency sign is indicated by inflamed mouth membranes?
• Which deficiency condition is characterized by the symptoms diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia, especially in populations with a corn-based diet?
• Which agency regulates third-party SUD reprocessors?
• Which term identifies the tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?
• Nicole's daily folate intake includes 1/2 cup of cooked lentils (180 μg food folate), 1/2 cup of fresh orange juice (60 μg food folate), and folate supplement 200 μg. How many DFEs is she consuming?
• People who smoke require additional vitamin C in the amount of
• Pernicious anemia results from a combination of lack of intrinsic factor and which of the following?
• Which statement best describes the stability of vitamin C with regard to heat and oxygen?
• Which statement about vitamin C and the common cold aligns with the described mechanism?
• Which of the following vitamins is synthesized in significant amounts by intestinal bacteria?
• What is the primary chemical reaction in which thiamin participates as a coenzyme?
• Which of the following foods provides ample amounts of vitamin C?
• By fortification law, what folate amount must be added to 100 g of fortified foods?
• Pellagra is classically described as resulting from deficiency of which nutrient?
• A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased risk for deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which function has a requirement for thiamin?
• Dietary Folate Equivalents are used to compare natural folate and synthetic folate by adjusting for differences in bioavailability.
• Beriberi results from a deficiency of
• What is the adult Adequate Intake for biotin?
• Among the following water-soluble vitamins, a secondary deficiency would most likely be seen for which vitamin?
• Niacin and riboflavin coenzymes share the ability to transfer what during redox reactions?
• Which substance is known to adversely affect folate utilization?
• Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to which?
• Ariboflavinosis is the deficiency disease associated with which vitamin?
• What is the minimum daily amount of ascorbic acid that will prevent scorbutic symptoms in humans?
• Which pairing accurately describes a relationship highlighted in the material: two vitamins that support nucleotide synthesis?
• Thiamin intake recommendations are stated in which units?
• Which listed nutrient is synthesized in significant amounts by the body?
• Pellagra is caused by deficiency of which nutrient?
• Which food provides the most thiamin per serving?
• Which vitamin is usually found in a form bound to one or more glutamic acid molecules in food?
• A vitamin supplement labeled as 'high potency' contains an amount that is
• Which component is required for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12?
• Which of the following is a common treatment for pernicious anemia caused by inadequate absorption?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between vitamin C and connective tissue health?
• Which of the following is a property of vitamin B12?
• The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include
• What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk?
• Which nutrient is most commonly associated with fatal accidental ingestion deaths in children?
• What is the adult RDA for folate (μg/day)?
• Cheilosis and dermatitis are signs of deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?
• The most common SUD reprocessed is which device?
• Which vitamin is particularly recommended for someone who avoids dairy and spends little time outdoors?
• Which vitamin undergoes significant enterohepatic circulation?
• Which statement about vitamin C's antioxidant function is true?
• Which is the richest food source of thiamin?
• Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?
• Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
• Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with macrocytic anemia?
• Moderate intakes of which would provide sufficient amounts of vitamin C?
• What is a key benefit cited for implementing a SUD reprocessing program?
• Why are fermented soy products, sea algae, and most nutritional yeast products poor sources of vitamin B12?
• Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of vitamin C?
• What is the AI for biotin in micrograms per day?
• Synthetic folate is approximately how much more available than naturally occurring food folate?
• A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?
• Excessive intake of which water-soluble vitamin is associated with neuropathy?
• Which option reflects the consideration often raised by opponents of SUD reprocessing?
• What vitamin contains cobalt?
• What term is used to describe the outcome of a diagnostic test that apparently shows you have mononucleosis when you do not?
• Which statement about riboflavin stability in dairy packaging is correct?
• A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of
• What percentage of alcoholics typically exhibit thiamin deficiency?
• Which vegan food is described as a good source of vitamin B12?
• Which statement about sea algae such as spirulina is true?
• Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra?
• What is a characteristic of high-potency supplements?
• The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of
• Which of the following is NOT known to be a risk factor for development of atrophic gastritis?
• Which statement best reflects a known feature of vitamin C in the body?
• Which statement reflects knowledge of water-soluble vitamin toxicity?
• Which nutrient has an adult RDA of 1.3 mg/day for adults?
• What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for vitamin B6?
• Why might vitamin C supplements be beneficial in treating the common cold?
• What organ stores the highest concentration of vitamin C?
• Which of the following statements best represents vitamin supplementation practices?
• Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?
• How many dietary folate equivalents are provided by 100 µg of a folate supplement?
• The vitamin deficiency disease pellagra means
• Which vitamin is stored primarily in muscle tissue?
• Which vitamin deficiency is classically associated with pernicious anemia?
• Which would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian?
• Which statement best describes the basic role of a coenzyme in metabolism?
• Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of
• Pellagra risk in populations eating primarily corn-based diets is primarily due to deficiency of which nutrient?
• Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in which category?
• Alcohol intake promotes the destruction and excretion of which vitamin?
• Bar codes on reprocessed items do not track which of the following?
• Which substance found in corn contributes to the development of pellagra?
• Which cooking method best preserves thiamin in foods?
• Large doses of nicotinic acid are known to result in all of the following EXCEPT
• Which route of administration is used to treat pernicious anemia due to defective absorption?
• A benefit of a reprocessing program is which of the following?
• What is the primary factor driving the trend toward reprocessing single-use devices (SUDs)?
• Which of the following is a feature of nutrient intakes and supplement use in the United States?
• Which role best describes vitamin C's participation in collagen synthesis?
• Which statement is NOT listed as increasing the risk of folate deficiency?
• Among the following, which would be the best source of niacin equivalents?
• Which vitamin is known to deactivate histamine, reducing nasal congestion?
• A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems EXCEPT
• Which statement is NOT a feature of folate nutrition?
• Which statement is NOT among the common effects from ingesting a mild iron overdose?
• In a person who loses the ability to absorb vitamin B12, approximately what period could elapse before deficiency signs develop?
• The appearance of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake of supplements of which vitamin?
• Which of the following statements best describes the role of thiamin in energy metabolism?
• Which vitamin is substantially involved in energy transformation reactions?
• All of the following are features of vitamin B6 metabolism EXCEPT
• What is the approximate niacin RDA for adults?
• A disorder that limits absorption of bile increases risk for deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which nutrient is responsible for the most accidental ingestion deaths in children?
• Which statement about folate absorption is true?
• A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of
• A deficiency of which vitamin results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?
• Which of the following is a feature of vitamin C in the body?
• What term describes the outcome of a diagnostic test that apparently indicates you do not have an infection when you do?
• Which statement about excess vitamin C supplementation is false?
• When the diet contains adequate protein, which amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?
• Deficiency of which vitamin results in elevated homocysteine when folate intake is inadequate?
• Which agency is noted as recognizing that most nutrient supplements are associated with little harm?
• Pteroylglutamic acid is associated with which vitamin?
• What is the most likely reason for the development of vitamin B12 deficiency?
• Which of the following represents the results of well-controlled studies of vitamin C supplementation on the resistance to, and recovery from, colds?
• NOT among the properties of folate in nutrition?
• What vitamin is involved mainly with the replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells?
• Opponents to SUD reprocessing commonly cite concerns about which area?
• In foods, folate is largely present in polyglutamate forms that require enzymatic hydrolysis before absorption.
• Deficiencies of which vitamin group are most often associated with changes to the tongue?
• Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?
• Which of the following is an important issue to consider when reprocessing SUDs?
• Which statement best describes vitamin C content in human milk versus cow's milk?
• What major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism?
• Which of the following nutrients has an established dietary reference intake (RDA) expressed per day?
• Nutrient supplements known as 'green pills' are often described as containing which ingredients?
• Which of the following is known to perform an essential function in the human body?
• What is the most likely explanation for the impaired functioning of the GI tract resulting from folate deficiency?
• Which vitamin is described as beneficial for someone who avoids dairy and spends little time outdoors?
• Which vegetable is a very good source of vitamin C?
• According to Healthcare Risk Management, which group believed the reprocessing of SUDs posed a threat to surgical patients?
• Which option would most increase vitamin C intake when planning a meal?
• Which of the following is frequently affected by deficiencies of the B vitamins?
• In the United States, what is the adult RDA for vitamin C?
• Which of the following is a poor source of thiamin?
• Pernicious anemia is characterized by lack of intrinsic factor; which statement best describes its relation to vitamin B12?
• Which characteristic is shared by vitamins B6, B12, C and folate?
• A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?
• Which of the following is an essential dietary nutrient for humans?
• How much vitamin C is needed daily to raise blood ascorbic acid concentrations to a maximum?
• Biotin can be synthesized by
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?
• Which nutrient is synthesized in significant amounts in the body?
• Which vitamin is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?
• What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
• Which of the following is a feature of vitamin B12 bioavailability?
• Which vitamin participates in the synthesis of glycine and glutamic acid?
• Which statement about the role of tryptophan in niacin intake is correct?
• Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?
• Which of the following is NOT a form of vitamin B6?
• Which vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?
• Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
• Which statement accurately describes niacin toxicity?
• Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize which nutrient?
• Among common foods listed, which is the greatest contributor to riboflavin intake?
• Which describes the basic function of a coenzyme?
• Which shopping list would you recommend for someone who dislikes citrus fruits and wants vitamin C?
• Which meat contains the highest concentration of thiamin in muscle tissue?
• What food makes a significant contribution to vitamin C intakes in the U.S. population despite its modest vitamin C concentration?
• Physiological stresses such as blood loss, burns, measles, and cancer increase the risk of deficiency for which vitamin?
• Which would be a very good source of vitamin C for a vegetarian?
• Which group is most involved in the regulation of reprocessed single-use devices?
• Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which vitamin?
• Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin C?
• All of the following are consequences of ingesting excess vitamin C supplements EXCEPT
• Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12?
• Isoniazid, a common tuberculosis drug, markedly interferes with the metabolism of which vitamin?
• Which statement about B vitamins and homocysteine metabolism is true?
• Which of the following is an overt sign of a possible B vitamin deficiency?
• Riboflavin is most easily destroyed by exposure to which factor?
• In what capacity does vitamin C function?
• Which lifestyle factor combination is most associated with the need for vitamin D supplementation according to the material?
• Which vitamin's deficiency is most directly associated with pernicious anemia?
• Which organization recommends that people NOT use supplements to prevent chronic diseases?
• Which statement is NOT a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
• For an item to be considered for reprocessing, it must be which of the following?
• The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as?
• What is the established adult daily folate recommendation in micrograms per day?
• Calculate DFEs for 180 µg folate from lentils and 60 µg folate from orange juice (no supplement).
• Deficiency of which vitamin may lead to edema in severe deficiency?
• Which of the following is a feature of vitamin B12 nutrition?
• What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
• Dietary Folate Equivalents are measured in what unit?
• Which item is NOT among the factors required for efficient dietary absorption of vitamin B12?
• A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either
• Of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?
• Which dietary pattern increases the risk of thiamin deficiency?
• Which food group ordinarily contains the highest riboflavin per kilocalorie?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of niacin nutrition?
• Normally, how long could deficiency symptoms be delayed due to the body's storage and re-utilization of vitamin B12?
• Which compound is most closely linked with preventing scurvy?
• Which statement about niacin in nutrition is correct?
• Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?
• Which nutrient is synthesized in significant amounts in the body and may reduce dietary intake?
• Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deficiency of vitamin C?
• NOT among the general features of biotin in nutrition?
• By law, what amount of folate (µg) must be added to 100 g of food products such as breads, flour, and rice?
• Which factor helps explain why vitamin B12 deficiency signs may take years to appear even with low intake?
• Which device category is typically reprocessed most often?
• Which term describes the proportion of folate that is actually available for use after consuming foods?
• Which feature best describes pantothenic acid in nutrition?
• Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme form of which vitamin?
• In the regulatory landscape, third-party reprocessors are regulated by which agency, and hospitals are regulated by which agency?
• Which factor significantly affects the body's folate status?
• Because of adverse interactions with other vitamins, a safe daily folate intake is up to how many µg?
• Which of the following is a type of neural tube defect?
• The synthesis of collagen requires both vitamin C and
• Which ingredient is commonly listed as part of the 'green pills' described?
• Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of which vitamin?
• Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor, who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?
• What is the proposed benefit of vitamin C in relation to colds as described?
• If a dietary supplement poses a significant risk of illness to consumers, which agency must prove harm before removing the product from the market?
• Which statement about intrinsic factor is true?
• On a per-kcalorie basis, which food is richest in vitamin B6?
• Among all the vitamins, which is believed to be most vulnerable to interactions with drugs?
• What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption?
• Approximately what fraction of folate in foods is bioavailable?
• Which statement about vitamin B12 absorption is true?
• Pteroylglutamic acid is known as which nutrient?
• When taken in large doses, which vitamin is associated with liver injury?
• Why might vitamin C supplements be beneficial in treating the common cold?
• Your brother is considering four egg white omelets daily. Which statement about potential vitamin deficiency risk is correct?
• The adult RDA for vitamin B12 (µg/day) is
• Which groups are at risk for developing marginal nutrient deficiencies and may benefit from taking vitamin supplements, EXCEPT
• Which vitamin forms part of coenzyme A?
• The coenzyme FAD is formed from which vitamin?
• Biotin can be synthesized by
• Which of the following is NOT known to be a vitamin for human beings?
• High-dose nicotinic acid therapy is associated with which lipid change?
• Which overt side effect is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid?
• Which of the following is NOT among the known dangers of taking vitamin supplements?
• Which characteristic is shared by vitamin B12 and folate?
• Which substance is NOT a vitamin for humans?
• Vitamin B6 participates in the synthesis of which amino acids?
• Niacin is also known as which vitamin?
• Which of the following is not a commonly described symptom of niacin deficiency?
• Which vitamin has a coenzyme form known as methylcobalamin?
• Why shouldn't vitamin E supplements be taken for at least one week before surgery?
• Among the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism, which is considered a vitamin for humans?
• Approximately what percentage of naturally occurring dietary folate is bioavailable?
• Which agency regulates hospitals that reprocess SUDs?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vitamin B6 in nutrition?
• Which of the following is a feature of folate nutrition?
• Which of the following foods is highest in folate?
• What is ariboflavonosis?
• Which statement summarizes the vitamin C information provided for colds?
• What is a free radical?
• Which cooking method is most effective at preserving thiamin when cooking vegetables?
• The protein that requires ascorbic acid for its formation is
• The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?
• Which disease is most strongly associated with thiamin deficiency?
• Folate deficiency has been reported in infants fed which type of milk?
• Methylcobalamin is a coenzyme form of which vitamin?
• Which food would be the poorest dietary source of vitamin C?
• Which is a property of thiamin nutrition?